Will a certain tritium atom decay by a certain time? According to our current science, this question concerning physical phenomena should be answered by sampling from a probability distribution, a ...

Branching processes in random environments (BPREs) extend classical Galton–Watson models by allowing the reproduction law to vary according to a sequence of random factors. In each generation, the ...

Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the most important concept in modern science, especially as nobody has the ...